Christian I (3 November 1598 – 6 September 1654) was the Duke of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler from 1600 until 1654.

Christian was born in Birkenfeld in 1598 as the youngest son of Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld.

His father's lands were partitioned after his death and Christian received the territory around Bischwiller (German: Bischweiler) in Alsace.

Christian died in Neuenstein in 1654 and was buried in Bischwiller.

Christian married Magdalena Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (26 April 1607 – 20 January 1648), daughter of Duke John II, on 14 November 1630 and had the following children: After the death of his first wife, Christian married for the second time to Countess Maria Johanna of Helfenstein (1607–1648) (8 September 1612 – 20 August 1665), daughter of Count Rudolph III of Helfenstein (1585-1627) and Countess Eleonora zu Fürstenberg (1578-1651), widow of Maximilian Adam, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg, on 28 October 1648 and had the following son: