He was born in Trondhjem as a son of merchant and consul Hans Henrik Thaulow and Ulrikke Eleonore Steffens née Jenssen.
[2] He had two aunts who married men that served as MPs; Theodor Gottlieb August Angell and Christian Petersen respectively.
[2] In national politics, Thaulow was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Trondhjem og Levanger in 1903, filling in for Otto Kristian Hiorth from late spring 1906.
He was among those behind the foundation of the commerce school Trondhjems Handelsgymnasium [no] and sat on a supervisory council of the Meråker Line.
In 1897 he was a co-founder and board member of Trondhjem historical association, and in 1919 he published an 800-page volume of personal history written by his grandfather, also named Christian Thaulow.