He was born in Christiania as a son of Andreas Petersen and Marthe Olea née Larsdatter.
After finishing his secondary education at Christiania Cathedral School in 1818, he enrolled at the Royal Frederick University and graduated with the cand.theol.
[1] He worked as a teacher at Christiania Cathedral School until 1826, when he was appointed vicar at Tolgen Church.
[1] Petersen was elected to the city council for Trondheim Municipality in 1847, serving for several years including a stint as mayor from 1860 to 1862.
[1] He served in Trondhjem city council until he fell ill in early 1875 and died a couple of months later.