Breuil attended schools in Brive-la-Gaillarde and Toulouse and studied from 1990 to 1992 at the École Polytechnique.
[citation needed] In 1993, he obtained his DEA degree at the Paris-Sud 11 University located in Orsay.
[citation needed] From 1993 to 1996 he conducted research at the École Polytechnique and taught simultaneously at the University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, and in 1996 received his PhD from the École Polytechnique, supervised by Jean-Marc Fontaine with the thesis "Cohomologie log-cristalline et représentations galoisiennes p -adiques".
[citation needed] From 2010 he has been in the Mathematics Department of University of Paris-Sud as Director of Research with the CNRS.
He was an invited speaker in International Congress of Mathematicians 2010, Hyderabad on the topic of "Number Theory.