After playing with the youth teams of Dafni, Christodoulou played at the senior level with Panionios, with whom he won the Greek Cup title in 1991.
Christodoulou was a member of the senior men's Greek national basketball team that finished in 10th place at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
[1] After he retired from playing professional basketball, Christodoulou worked as the sports manager of the Greek Basket League club Panionios.
Christodoulou's younger brother, Fanis, was also a professional basketball player.
His daughter, Stella, is a professional volleyball player.