Subsequently, mortality rates begin to rise, leading to a decline in populations by early July.

[6] These species remain active well into September and October, although they appear to be sexually immature when preparing their burrows for hibernation.

The elytral surface of C. repanda, along with C. splendida, features deep alveoli and acute ridges, contributing to its distinctive appearance.

This complex interplay of structural elements results in a relatively poor reflectance of any single visible wavelength, giving C. repanda an overall flat brown appearance.

However, a defined explanation remains unclear, as some species lack these structures, suggesting alternative mechanisms for maintaining the endophallus.

The presence of minute setae surrounding the ventral notch in the second gonocoxae of C. repanda holds taxonomic significance.

Despite similar environmental conditions among populations, there are pronounced differences in macular patterns that are present, notably along the shores of Lake Superior.

However, Cicindela repanda's widespread distribution across North America suggests ample gene flow that should theoretically prevent such population variations.

This instance highlights the complexity of population dynamics and genetic variation within Cicindela species, warranting further investigation into the underlying mechanisms driving such patterns.

[9] Furthermore, the third instars of C. repanda have only one setae on the median hooks and a dark coppery bronze head and pronotum, as opposed to C. ancocisconensis that has four, not three.

[4] They are also very common in the great lake region, specific present on sandy shores, with a special focus on the Indiana Sand Dunes.

Even against a background with little visual noise, C. repanda’s vision of the prey becomes blurred due to high relative angular velocity.

For diurnal predators like tiger beetles, acceptance angles are typically between 0.7 and 2.6 degrees, and integration times range from 5 to 50 milliseconds.

The movement of C. repanda as they pursue their prey involves intermittent stopping and running, and they prefer continuously moving targets.

Larval tiger beetles dig vertical tunnels in soiland and lie in them with highly modified heads near the surface of the ground.

In comparison to other tiger beetle species, C. repanda adults display less aggressive predatory behavior, with a significant portion of encounters resulting in retreat rather than successful capture.

[12] Furthermore, since C. repanda is a less aggressive predator than inland species, this supports the idea that they may have evolved to specialize in dead prey that are readily available in the water edge habitat.

Observational research showed many adult C. repanda feeding on the fruits of sassafras albidium that had fallen from a tree growing at the base of cliffs.

Thus, this research concludes that contrary to prior assumptions, C. repanda are opportunistic feeders as opposed to obligate predators.