Cipher runes

The most notable of these is the manuscript Runologia by Jón Ólafsson (1705–1779), which he wrote in Copenhagen (1732–1752).

[1] Jón Ólafsson's treatise presents the Younger Futhark in the Viking Age order, which means that the m-rune precedes the l-rune.

[1] In the runic alphabet, the runes have their special order and are divided into groups.

These may be mixed: in the phrase ek vitki at left, ek is written in straightforward branch runes, but vitki is written with the ætts as hooks and the order as branches.

A comparable system of letter modification is that of the Ogham "scales" recorded in the Ogam Tract.

The Rök runestone , Sweden , features 'tent runes' in its uppermost row. Centered in the bottom row is a hook rune.
A page from the 18th-century manuscript by the Icelander Jón Ólafsson, which deciphered the cryptic runes for Continental Scandinavian scholars. This page shows different types.