[1] He was the son of Charles Arnulphy, a painter at Paris, although originally from the County of Nice in the Italian Duchy of Savoy, by his father's marriage to Madeleine Prongey, and he spent his childhood years in the French capital city.
He first trained as a painter in his father's studio, then went to Rome to study under Benedetto Luti (1666–1724), becoming principally a portrait artist.
[2] Arnulphy established himself in the city of Aix in about 1722, where he enjoyed a long artistic career and where many of his works survive.
[3] He was the master of Jean-François Pierre Peyron,[4] and Antoine Gibelin (1739–1813), another native of Aix, also began to study art under Arnulphy.
However, only one child, according to different sources a son named Joseph or François Arnulphy (died 1825) survived childhood.