Cleveland Pools

Cleveland Pools located in Hampton Row, Bath, Somerset, England is a semi-circular lido built to designs by John Pinch the Elder in 1815.

The opening of Pulteney Bridge enabled the development of Bathwick and land to the east of the River Avon.

The developers went bankrupt ten years after opening the pools but they were sold and operated privately until they were taken over by the local corporation in the 1890s.

Public support and grants from bodies such as the National Lottery Heritage Fund helped restore the site, which reopened in September 2022.

[2] The original buildings which survive include a caretaker's cottage and changing rooms arranged as a Georgian Crescent.

The baths were originally built in approximately 1815,[3] by a local builder called Newton, from John Pinch the elder's design, on the Duke of Cleveland's land, giving the site its name.

Master of ceremonies Beau Nash, who presided over the city's social life from 1705 until his death in 1761, drew up a code of behaviour for public entertainments.

[5] After 1789, the financial climate did not encourage further building, as the Panic of 1797, related to a period of deflation between 1793 and 1800, was followed by the Napoleonic Wars, which saw the Depression of 1807.

[8][7] The pool was constructed on the site of old marl pits, between the river, the railway and Kennet and Avon Canal which had previously been used for bathing.

[7] The position of the pools away from Sydney Gardens and the other attractions in the city centre, added to the downturn in Bath's popularity as a spa town, led to bankruptcy for the developers.

[7] In 1967 management transferred to the Bath Spa Committee who concreted the floor of the pool and added a cascade.

[7] Competition from the indoor pool at the Bath Sports and Leisure centre which opened in the 1970s[11] reduced the public funding available.

[12] In 2003 Bath and North East Somerset council put the site up for sale or long lease,[13] and it was added to the English Heritage Buildings at Risk Register.

At a meeting with HLF officers they advised that while they felt that a number of outstanding issues needed managing, they considered the approved plans set out a really strong foundation for the future of the Pools.

[8][24][2] The pool suffered a number of problems over winter 2022, including flooding and contractual delays, and fully reopened to swimmers on 10 September 2023, though without the heat pump operating.

Map of Bath in 1818 showing both marl pits and the pools next to the river, in the top right.
The larger pool, caretaker's cottage and changing rooms