[1] When looking at the impacts of climate change, each region faces its own category of climate threats, with sea level rise jeopardizing the water quality of coastal aquifers in the Northeast and the center and Eastern regions of the country affected by variable precipitation, rising temperatures and increased extreme weather events such as floods.

[5] With transportation and electricity and heat producers contributing a combined 64% of total CO2 emissions, mitigation efforts in these sectors will become increasingly vital as Tunisia works to combat the variety of environmental and social issues caused across the country by climate change.

[6] However, as climate change impacts local weather patterns, Tunisia can expect to experience higher rates of drought, decreasing crop-yields and creating issues of food production.

[8] This process is heavily sped-up by increasing temperatures as the reduction of soil moisture and erosion rates are directly impacted by heat.

[8] As already 75% of agriculture land in Tunisia faces desertification, women farmers heavily suffer from the devastating effects of climate change.

[10] The temperatures in the Mediterranean Sea are rising 25% faster than in the rest of the ocean on average, which puts the marine ecosystems that support the production of fisheries in Tunisia at risk of collapsing.

[12] Furthermore, as extreme weather becomes more frequent, events such as sea surges and storms are expected to further amplify the deterioration of Tunisias coasts, decreasing the potential for tourism in coastal areas.

As mentioned above, rising sea levels, driven by global climate change, pose significant risks to Tunisia's coastal regions, leading to a range of issues that directly affect both the environment and local communities.

[12] This will have a heavy impact on Tunisia, where tourism plays a vital role in the national economy by contributing to the GDP and providing employment.

Approximately 68% of Tunisia's coastline is classified as moderately to very highly vulnerable to the effects of sea level rise and coastal erosion.

[6] This rise, combined with more frequent and intense storm surges, will exemplify the erosion of coastal areas, leading to further loss of land, property, and cultural heritage sites.

With already diminishing freshwater sources, saltwater intrusion will place additional pressure on Tunisia's water supply, affecting food security and public health.

Specifically, there have been concerns over the forced relocation of residents and the confiscation of agricultural land for renewable energy projects, such as solar and wind farms.

[16] According to the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submitted in 2021,Tunisia has set a target to reduce emissions by 13% by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario, with an additional 47% reduction achievable dependent on international support.

Communities in Tunisia have come together to develop creative mitigation plans such as harvesting rainwater, waste recycling, to energy saving street-lights.

Tunisia developed the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to guide climate resilience in various sectors such as energy, water, agriculture, and health.

With the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in January 2003, Tunisia made its promise alongside other countries to limit greenhouse gas emissions.