The similar word-final reduction of */mb/ to /m/ and */ŋɡ/ to /ŋ/ is complete in standard English (e.g. lamb, long), as it is in many other Germanic languages (e.g. Swedish lamm, lång).
The latter statement would result in ambiguity, and listeners may become confused, thinking the speaker is talking about only one cat.
Cluster reduction also takes place in Catalan, and in a similar way as it happens in English.
Word-initial and word-final consonant clusters do not exist in the Japanese language.
Therefore, Japanese ELLs may find producing English words with such clusters to be troublesome.
[4] Not only is cluster reduction common in specific languages, but it occurs in world Englishes, as well.
Strategies of cluster reduction common in Nigerian English include metathesis or epenthesis with the vowels /u/ or /i/.
"[6]: 467 In Spanish, there is a sequential constraint, and /s/ clusters cannot occur at the beginning of a word.
Two of the theories for liquid cluster development have been proposed by Greenlee (1974) and Elbert and McReynolds (1979).
Cluster reduction also occurs in the Dutch language, similar to English.
[12]: 973–974 Consonant-cluster reduction is the most common phonological process used by Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children, and it has been found to be used the longest, sometimes past the age of 6;0.
[13]: 761 Studies have not shown any gender differences in language acquisition for typically developing Brazilian children.