South Atlantic English is spoken on Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena, but its spread on other islands is unknown.
The island has had a Dutch rule in the 1670s, and settlers from France, West Africa, Cape Verde, the Indian subcontinent and Madagascar.
South Atlantic English on Saint Helena has several phonological markers, some related to its non-rhoticity, others to its sound changes.
In addition, some speakers also add in an r-sound during some vowel sounds, for example 'idea' is pronounced ideear - these two phenomena are called linking and intrusive R respectively.
Saint Helena Southern Atlantic English has several curious non-standard grammatical features: Some Saint vocabulary is more similar to American than British, and this is most likely related to the temporary movement of locals to Ascension Island in the 1940s, where they encountered Americans at the USAF base and picked up their terminology.
: Tristan da Cunha English, locally called Tristanian, shows several unique features due to the island's isolation.