Co-rumination is a type of behavior that is positively correlated with both rumination and self-disclosure and has been linked to a history of anxiety[2] because co-ruminating may exacerbate worries about whether problems will be resolved, about negative consequences of problems, and depressive diagnoses due to the consistent negative focus on troubling topics,[1] instead of problem-solving.
[5] Co-rumination is also linked with romantic activities, which have been shown to correlate with depressive symptoms over time, because they are often the problem discussed among adolescents.
Catastrophizing, when one takes small possibilities and blows them out of proportion into something negative, is common in depression and anxiety and may very well be a result of constantly going over problems that may not be as bad as they seem.
For example, studies have examined the link between co-rumination and weekly drinking habits, specifically, negative thoughts.
(Ciesla et al., 2011)[full citation needed] Co-rumination treatment typically consists of cognitive emotion regulation therapy for rumination with the patient.
As suggested by Zlomke and Hahn (2010)[11] men showed vast improvement in anxiety and worrying symptoms by focusing their attention on how to handle a negative event through "refocus on planning".
For women, accepting a negative event/emotion and re-framing it in a positive light was associated with decreased levels of worry.
In low abusive supervision settings, results show that there were no significant effects for women, but had negative outcomes for men.
The study suggests the reason men are at risk for job dissatisfaction and depression in low stress supervision, is due to the gender differences at an early age.
[16] Furthermore, for those graduate students, co-rumination acted as a partial mediator, which suppressed the positive effects of social support on emotional exhaustion.