He spent 2017 with the Spokane Indians of the Class A Short Season Northwest League, where he pitched to a 3–2 record and a 3.61 ERA along with 87 strikeouts in 57+1⁄3 innings.

Ragans returned to Frisco to open the 2022 season, going 5–3 with a 2.81 ERA and 65 strikeouts over 51+1⁄3 innings, before being promoted to the Round Rock Express of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League on June 14.

[18][19] In his MLB debut that night versus the Chicago White Sox, Ragans allowed one unearned run over five innings while recording three strikeouts.

On June 30, 2023, the Rangers traded Ragans and minor league outfielder Roni Cabrera to the Kansas City Royals in exchange for Aroldis Chapman.

[22] After joining the Royals and moving from the bullpen, where he had made all of his 2023 appearances with Texas, to the starting rotation, Ragans saw increased success across his first 47 innings with Kansas City.

[24] On September 6, in a game versus the Minnesota Twins, Ragans became the fifth pitcher in Royals history (after Zack Greinke in 2009, Kevin Appier in 1996, Dennis Leonard in 1977, and Bob Johnson in 1970) to strike out 200 batters in a single season.