Schreiber was born in Wyandotte, Michigan, raised in nearby Rockwood, and attended Carlson High School in Gibraltar.

Schreiber then advanced to the Double-A Erie SeaWolves in 2018, where he finished with a 2.48 ERA and 18 saves in 23 opportunities, while pitching in 49 games total over the course of the year.

[4] He began 2019 in Erie, but after allowing just two runs in seven innings, and with opponents hitting .154 off him, he was called up to the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens.

[15] After pitching in Triple-A with the Worcester Red Sox, Schreiber was added to Boston's active roster on September 1,[16] then appeared in a single game, allowing one run in three innings.

[20] In 64 relief appearances with Boston during 2022, Schreiber posted a 4–4 record with eight saves and 2.22 ERA while striking out 74 batters in 65 innings, [9] breaking out and becoming an important member of the Red Sox bullpen.

[23] On July 25, Schreiber was activated from the injured list and served as the opener in the team's game against the Atlanta Braves later that day.

On February 17, 2024, the Red Sox traded Schreiber to the Kansas City Royals in exchange for minor-league pitcher David Sandlin.