The species was described in 2016 by the coleopterists Zi-Wei Yin from Shanghai Normal University and Giulio Cuccodoro from the Natural History Museum of Geneva, where the type specimen is part of the collection.

[1] In the genus Colilodion, C. schulzi resembles the species C. concinnus and C. inopinatus that share the enlarged antennomeres III with a flattened dorsal surface with smooth fields.

The pronotum of C. concinnus and C. inopinatus is also less stout and finely punctuated, the base of their elytra is narrower[3] and the posterior border of the latter does not bear the golden setae that are present in C.

[2] Species of the supertribe Clavigeritae, including those of the genus Colilodion, are presumed to be myrmecophiles due to the presence of trichomes exuding appeasement pheromones favouring their adoption by ants.

[6] The species is described in 2016 by the coleopterists Zi-Wei Yin, from the Shanghai Normal University, and Giulio Cuccodoro, from the Natural History Museum of Geneva, on the basis of a single specimen.

This holotype, housed in the Swiss institution, is a female collected on December 10, 2009, by the German myrmecologist Andreas Schulz,[9] to whom the descriptors dedicated the specific epithet, schulzi.

The exact systematic placement of the genus remains uncertain; it is the only member of the Colilodionini tribe, sharing certain characteristics with Clavigeritae, where it was originally placed by Claude Besuchet in 1991,[4] and others that resemble the Pselaphitae.