Coins work across hierarchies and boundaries where members can exchange ideas and information directly and openly.
However, the Internet and instant communication improved productivity and enabled the reach of a global scale.
They increased or established collaborations with universities, agencies, and small companies to accelerate their processes and launch new services faster.
[1] Asheim and Isaksen (2002)[2] conclude that innovative network contributes to the achievement of optimal allocation of resources, and promoting knowledge transfer performance.
A more collaborative approach involving stakeholders such as governments, corporations, entrepreneurs, and scholars is critical to tackling today's main challenges.