Swarm intelligence
[1][2] Swarm intelligence systems consist typically of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment.
Similar approaches to those proposed for swarm robotics are considered for genetically modified organisms in synthetic collective intelligence.
[11] Swarming systems give rise to emergent behaviours which occur at many different scales, some of which are turning out to be both universal and robust.
A large number of more recent metaphor-inspired metaheuristics have started to attract criticism in the research community for hiding their lack of novelty behind an elaborate metaphor.
[16] In spite of this obvious drawback it has been shown that these types of algorithms work well in practice, and have been extensively researched, and developed.
[30] ASI has also been used to enable groups of doctors to generate diagnoses with significantly higher accuracy than traditional methods.
[31][32] ASI has been used by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations to help forecast famines in hotspots around the world.
A 1992 paper by M. Anthony Lewis and George A. Bekey discusses the possibility of using swarm intelligence to control nanobots within the body for the purpose of killing cancer tumors.
[35][36] Swarm intelligence (SI) is increasingly applied in Internet of Things (IoT)[37][38] systems, and by association to Intent-Based Networking (IBN),[39] due to its ability to handle complex, distributed tasks through decentralized, self-organizing algorithms.
Mobile media and new technologies have the potential to change the threshold for collective action due to swarm intelligence (Rheingold: 2002, P175).
The location of transmission infrastructure for wireless communication networks is an important engineering problem involving competing objectives.
A minimal selection of locations (or sites) are required subject to providing adequate area coverage for users.
A very different, ant-inspired swarm intelligence algorithm, stochastic diffusion search (SDS), has been successfully used to provide a general model for this problem, related to circle packing and set covering.
[citation needed] The Lord of the Rings film trilogy made use of similar technology, known as Massive (software), during battle scenes.
Stanley and Stella in: Breaking the Ice was the first movie to make use of swarm technology for rendering, realistically depicting the movements of groups of fish and birds using the Boids system.
[citation needed] Tim Burton's Batman Returns also made use of swarm technology for showing the movements of a group of bats.
[46] Networks of distributed users can be organized into "human swarms" through the implementation of real-time closed-loop control systems.
[31][52][53][32] The University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine released a preprint in 2021 about the diagnosis of MRI images by small groups of collaborating doctors.
The study showed a 23% increase in diagnostic accuracy when using Artificial Swarm Intelligence (ASI) technology compared to majority voting.
The "creativity" of this hybrid swarm system has been analysed under the philosophical light of the "rhizome" in the context of Deleuze's "Orchid and Wasp" metaphor.
Michael Theodore and Nikolaus Correll use swarm intelligent art installation to explore what it takes to have engineered systems to appear lifelike.
