The country sent 68 athletes to compete in 15 sports (archery, athletics, boxing, rowing, cycling, equestrian, artistic gymnastics, judo, weightlifting, wrestling, swimming, taekwondo, and table tennis), making this Colombia's largest ever delegation to the Olympics.

[1] Originally, Colombia left Beijing with two medals, a silver and a bronze won by weightlifter Diego Salazar and wrestler Jackeline Rentería respectively.

[2] Weightlifter Leydi Solís originally finished fourth, but was promoted to a silver medal after both gold[3] and bronze[4] medalist of the 69 kg category were disqualified following a positive anti-doping test of their respective 2008 samples.

[6] The team that Colombia sent to the Olympics was the same that competed at the Worlds: Sigrid Romero, Ana Rendón, and Natalia Sánchez.

[7] Colombia qualified five boxers for the Olympic boxing tournament.