Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, tennis, and track and field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, and track and field.

[4] The Columbus State baseball team has made eight appearances to the NCAA Division II Baseball Championship, twenty-four NCAA Regional Championship appearances, and is frequently in the NCSWA National Top 30 Poll.

Prior to discontinuation the team competed at the Division I level as members of the Ohio Valley Conference starting in the 2012–13 school year.

Columbus State Athletics Department co-hosted the 2011 Rifle National Championship with Fort Benning.

The Lady Cougar soccer team has made 13 consecutive NCAA Tournaments since 2006, just its third season in existence.