[3] The resource is updated monthly [4] and provides tools to allow users to find potential antibiotic resistance genes in newly-sequenced genomes.

Enforced curation guidelines provide the necessary context to ensure proper hierarchical classification, defined semantic relationships and data standardization.

CARD addresses this problem using three approaches: ad hoc biocuration, pathogen AMR reviews, and computer-assisted literature triage.

In 2017, the CARD*Shark text-mining algorithm was introduced for computer-assisted literature triage, which has been expanded based on the new ARO Drug Class classification tags.

[1] The CARD curation team continuously updates the database on a development server and prior to release, rigorous QC scripts are implemented to validate these data before porting it to the publicly available website.

These QC steps verify the use of external identifiers, publication citations, AMR detection model parameters and imposed rules for the ontology structure.

PVMs perform a similar search, but include additional parameters for the detection of specific curated non-synonymous mutations or other genetic variants (i.e. INDELs, frameshifts) that differentiate between antibiotic-susceptible wild-type and antibiotic-resistant alleles.

Bit score cut-offs are selected based on values that perform this discrimination when the curated reference sequence is compared by BLAST against CARD itself and against GenBank's non-redundant database, with hand inspection to determine a value that correctly classifies matches as homologs of similar antimicrobial function or similar proteins with different function or AMR Gene Family membership.