Originally known as Moccasin Gap, the unincorporated community was officially named "Conley" in 1867 after the family who owned the land.

The eastern edge of the CDP is formed by U.S. Route 23 (Moreland Avenue).

[17] At the 2020 United States census, there were 6,680 people, 2,016 households, and 1,266 families residing in the CDP.

A large number of trucking companies operate facilities in Conley, including less-than-truckload carriers, parts suppliers, and mechanics.

England, CRST International, Tennessee Commercial Warehouse, Salson Logistics, Arka Express, and Central Freight Lines.