Constantine was the third son of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282) and Theodora Palaiologina.
He was born in autumn 1261 in Constantinople, which had just been recovered from the Latin Empire in August.
[1] In 1280, Constantine fought against the Serbs in Macedonia, and was then dispatched against the Turkish raiders in Asia Minor, where he was successful in clearing the Maeander River valley of their presence.
In 1293, he was slandered to his brother, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328), and placed under arrest.
[1] From his marriage to Irene Palaiologina Raoulaina, he had one son, the panhypersebastos John Palaiologos.