[4] Many diagrams featuring circles and squares or crosses may be interpreted as cosmograms, although they may not be intentionally created as such.
[8] Hindi and Buddhist mandalas are cosmograms, but similar diagrams, known as schema, were also used in western Europe during the Middle Ages.
[9][10] Architectural cosmograms – ancient city planning employed by the Aztec, Mayan and Mesopotamian cultures – used structures to reflect the cosmos.
[11] The basement floor of First African Baptist Church in Savannah, GA has a Congolese cosmogram made of drilled holes in the shape of a diamond with an inner cross.
[12] Scholars argue cosmograms appear in performance, citing the concept albums of George Clinton's bands Parliament and Funkadelic.