[2][3] The firm was formed in 2007 as Criteria CaixaCorp, a publicly traded vehicle for La Caixa's shareholdings and investments in both industrial and financial services companies.

[5] A 2011 restructuring of the companies of the group saw Criteria renamed CaixaBank as La Caixa's banking and insurance activities were merged into it.

[10] On 26 September 2013, CaixaBank approved the sale of its real estate unit Servihabitat to a joint venture between the bank and private equity fund Texas Pacific Group (TPG) for an initial price of €310 million.

CaixaBank's parent company, financial group La Caixa, said it estimated it would bring in €317 million in capital gains from the deal.

"[13] On 6 October 2017, the bank announced its decision to move its legal headquarters to Valencia as a response to political uncertainty in Catalonia.

[19] CaixaBank SA sold 13.1 billion pesos of shares in Grupo Financiero Inbursa SAB to both bolster trading in the Mexican lender controlled by billionaire Carlos Slim and replenish money lost amid Spain's property crash.