Cross of Theophanu

On the edges there is an inscription, originally worked in gilt silver, but now largely lost, which identifies Theophanu as the Stifter (donor).

Running along the edges of the cross are two bands made up of alternating enamel plates and gemstones (fastened with filigree).

The back of the cross is covered by a gilt-copper plate, engraved with a bust of Christ Pantocrator in the centre and symbols of the Four evangelists at the ends.

[5] An exact date for the donation of the cross is not possible, but it might be connected with the consecration of the Minster's crypt in 1051 or the High altar in 1054.

[3] The enamel work seems ultimately to have been derived from older pieces, which were made available for the creation of the cross from a treasure fund in the possession of the donor - in a similar way to the gems.

Cross of Theophanu, Essen Cathedral Treasury