[7][8][9] Recognition of birthright nationality requires a passport issued by the country of birth with a visa to enter Cuba; an identity card or registration of the birth in the Civil Registry or Special Registry of Acts and Facts of Cubans Abroad, and a Cuban reference who makes a sworn statement to provide for the housing and maintenance of the applicant.

[10] Under Article 34 of the 2019 Constitution, nationality by birthright is bestowed upon:[11] Naturalization under the 1944 Decree 358 requires establishing a continuous residence in the territory for a minimum of five years and knowledge of the Spanish language.

[13] Under Article 35 of the 2019 Constitution, foreigners who can be naturalized include:[12] There is no regulation which outlines a process for loss or renunciation of nationality.

[14][12] Article 37, provides "Neither marriage, civil union, nor legal separation will affect the [nationality] of spouses, partners, or children".

Dissidents and exiles throughout the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic developed connections and solidarity to plan and launch three wars to end Spanish rule.

[18] In 1886, slavery was abolished under the freedmen regulation, but newly freed slaves were required to work for rations and clothing.

It allowed that if the marriage terminated a wife could repatriate by returning to Cuba and establishing residence, registering her choice to reestablish Cuban nationality with the Civil Registrar, and renouncing her foreign citizenship.

[31][29] In 1933, Ángel Alberto Giraudy, Alfredo E. Nogueira, and Herminio Portell Vilá, the Cuban delegates to the Pan-American Union's Montevideo conference, signed the Inter-American Convention on the Nationality of Women, which became effective in 1934, without legal reservations.

[32] The following year, interim President of Cuba, Carlos Mendieta produced a provisional constitution which granted women suffrage.

[34] The 1940 Constitution of Cuba declared in Article 20 equality under the law for all Cubans and outlawed discrimination based on class, race, sex, or skin color.