Cudworth railway station (English: /ˈkʊdɜːrθ/) was a railway station that served Cudworth, South Yorkshire, England.

The station was built by the North Midland Railway and opened in 1840.

Roughly 2 miles (3.2 km) further north, was the line's first crossing of the Barnsley Canal.

In 1885 the station was extended with an extra platform for the Hull and Barnsley Railway, which passed through but was not connected to the Midland system until the next century.

In 1988 the line from Wath Road Junction to Cudworth was closed due to mining subsidence.