It was named after General Mariano Matamoros, a Mexican priest who played a significant role in the country's War of Independence.

Air services to Cuernavaca have consistently faced challenges due to the centralization of aviation operations at the congested Mexico City International Airport.

Since the 1990s, political initiatives aimed to establish nearby airports, including Cuernavaca, along with Puebla, Toluca, and Querétaro, as alternative options for serving the saturated Mexico City Area.

Furthermore, the opening of Mexico City-Felipe Angeles Airport has added to the challenges faced by Cuernavaca in attracting commercial flights.

It features a single runway, designated as 03/21, with an asphalt surface measuring 2,926 metres (9,600 ft), suitable for receiving aircraft such as Boeing 737 and Airbus A320.