It is a cosmopolitan species which can be found in all continents, except America and Antarctica.

[1][2][3] Larva can be found in pools with stagnant waters containing Spirogyra.

Females are blood feeders of birds and sometimes humans.

Adults and larva can be naturally infected with Wuchereria bancrofti and Batai virus in India, and Burgia malayi in Sri Lanka.

It can also infect Murray Valley encephalitis in Australia.