"[1] He defined the former as a slow and gradual process of transition to new situations, and he saw the latter as the result of a radical and violent change that necessitated "the pre-meditated goal of those committing cultural genocide."
[3] For instance, in Georgia, the 1789 act permitted indiscriminate massacre of Creek Indians by proclaiming them to be outside the state's protection.
Apart from physical annihilation, the State promoted acculturation by introducing legislation limiting land entitlements to Indians who had abandoned tribal citizenship.
[2] Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the United States had approximately 350 government-funded and frequently church-run Indigenous boarding schools.
Interior Department, the Indian boarding schools was meant "to culturally assimilate Indigenous children" through forcible removal from their families and communities and placement in remote "residential facilities where their American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian identities, languages, and beliefs" would be suppressed.