Nelson & Haasis) Tsuda, Ueyama & Nishih., (1978) Cochliobolus lunatus is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals.

[1] Macroscopic features of C. lunatus include brown to black colour, hairy, velvety or woolly texture, and loosely arranged and rapidly growing colonies on potato dextrose agar medium.

There is great variety in the arrangement of the conidiophores, as they can be isolated or in groups, straight or bent, show simple or geniculate growth pattern, and vary in colour ranging from pale to dark brown.

[9] Cochliobolus lunatus is best known as the causative agent of seedling blight and seed germination failure in monocotyledon crops such as sugarcane, rice, millet[10] and maize (corn).

[5] C. lunatus also causes leaf spot on a wide variety of angiosperm hosts, where each lesion contains a sporulating mass of fungi at its center.

[16] With regards to treatment, surgical excision using a method similar to Mohs surgery is preferred if the mycosis is accessible, especially for abscesses in the brain.

Administration of antifungals is commonly indicated as secondary management therapy, though the specific best regimen depends on the nature and location of the phaeohyphomycosis.

[17][18] When treating immunocompromised patients, it is critical that the underlying disease is controlled, and immune modulators such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon can be indicated when surgery or antifungals are not feasible alternatives.

Differential diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis is difficult, and it is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, lung abscess or bronchial asthma.

[25] Current research has shown that there is an association between allergic fungal sinusitis and MHC II alleles,[26] suggesting a genetic component to this chronic inflammatory respiratory tract disorder.