[1] Fossils are found in late Silurian strata in the Cunningham Creek Formation, New Brunswick, Canada and Europe, especially in the Downton Castle Sandstone of Great Britain and Gotland, Sweden.

[citation needed] The living animal would have looked superficially like a tadpole, albeit covered in bony plates composed of the tissue aspidine, which is unique to heterostracan armor.

[citation needed] Cyathaspis ludensis is the earliest British vertebrate fossil.

[citation needed] It was found in rocks at Leintwardine in Herefordshire, a noted fossil locality.

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