[3][4] It is the distal continuation of the neck of the gallbladder, from where it is directed inferoposteriorly and to the left[2]/medially[4] (this occurs in half of individuals[3]).

[3][4] It often fuses with the common hepatic duct before actually opening into it after a variable distance[4][3] (this arrangement may have the purpose of directing bile flow distally instead of back towards the liver[3]).

[4][3] The inner surface of the proximal cystic duct exhibits a network of submicroscopic convoluted folds (rugae), whereas that of the distal cystic duct exhibits submicroscopic parallel longitudinal folds.

[3] The subepithelial layer consists of elastic connective tissue and is highly vascular; vessels that are adjacent to the epithelial basement membrane are fenestrated, possibly to facilitate ion and fluid exchange with the bile as is the case in the gallbladder itself.

[2][4] A pathological diverticulum known as the Hartmann’s pouch may be present at the junction of the neck of bladder and the cystic duct.

[3] Gallstones can enter and obstruct the cystic duct, preventing the flow of bile.