[3] The LSECs make up around half of the non-parenchymal cells in the liver and are flattened and fenestrated.

[4] LSECs have many fenestrae that gives easy communication between the sinusoidal lumen and the space of Disse.

They play a part in filtration, endocytosis, and in the regulation of blood flow in the sinusoids.

Hepatic stellate cells are present in the space of Disse and are involved in scar formation in response to liver damage.

One problem to overcome is the reversing of cellular differentiation that has made these cells highly specialized phenotypically in vitro.