Several techniques exist for decellularization with the majority based on detergent or enzymatic protocols which aim to eliminate all donor cells while preserving the mechanical properties of the remaining matrix.
These blood thinners hold an inherent risk for severe bleeding episodes, which affects both professional and leisure activities and the majority of patients opt to not use mechanical valves for this reason.
These concepts have shown good results in the technical implementation of valved polymeric conduit production and have successfully been used for in vitro and in vivo seeding of different (stem) cell lines.
They have shown excellent early to midterm clinical performance, challenging conventional cryopreserved homografts as the "gold standard" for pulmonary valve replacement in congenital heart disease.
DAH developed at Hannover Medical School (MHH) have shown sufficient mechanical stability for the systemic circulation at the greatest possible extent of antigen elimination and have been validated in long-term animal models.
[14] A multicenter european study in both pediatric and adult patients compared DAH with Ross procedure and showed almost identical results regarding valve degeneration and freedom from explantation.