The outgoing government was an all-party coalition led by Minister-President Karl Geiler.

The SPD subsequently formed a grand coalition with the CDU, led by Minister-President Christian Stock.

62 members were elected in multi-member constituencies, and 28 then allocated using compensatory proportional representation.

In the previous election held on 30 June 1946, the SPD emerged as the largest party with 44.3%, followed by the CDU on 37%, KPD on 10%, and LDP on 8%.

The table below lists parties represented in the Constituent Assembly.