Inconclusive Tuareg rebellion (2012): 2012 coup Internal conflict in Azawad: Foreign intervention: 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Between December 3 and 10, 2022, militants from Islamic State in the Greater Sahara and al-Qaeda-linked Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin clashed in eastern Mali, at the river between the towns of Tadjalalt and Haroum.

[3] Clashes between ISGS and JNIM in particular escalated in November, with fighting in Gao and Timbuktu regions killing an unknown amount of fighters.

[6] The commander of a local Tuareg militia, Fahad Ag al-Mahmoud, claimed the battle near Fitili inflicted heavy casualties on both sides, with JNIM ultimately winning.

[7] al-Mahmoud alleged that following the battle, the remnants of the ISGS fighters dispersed, and JNIM committed massacres on December 5 in the towns of Idarfan and Alabadje, killing around 70 people.

[2] Due to the heavy losses from the battles, both jihadist groups returned to their positions by the Malian-Burkinabe and Nigerien-Malian borders.