[1] The building was established as a meeting place for the Guild of the Holy Trinity, a religious group of merchants in the town, in around 1611.

Feoffees were appointed to establish a proper system for the administration of the tolls in the market place in April 1612.

[4] Repairs to the building were carried out in 1832, and, after the feoffees had re-titled themselves as trustees in 1856, the first floor was converted into a public library and reading room in 1858, with the ground floor arches being bricked up to form a fire station in which to keep the horse-drawn fire engine, which until then had been kept in the parish church.

[4][5] Local hustings in the Oxfordshire by-election in February 1862, which was won by the Conservative Party candidate, John Fane, were held under the town hall.

[8][9] Following an extensive refurbishment, which involved restoring the fabric of the structure and installing the coat of arms of the parish council on the southern elevation, the building was reopened by the local member of parliament, Victoria Prentis, on 26 September 2015.