[1] Bates became colonel of the 30th United States Colored Infantry in March 1864[1][6][7] While leading his troops in the Battle of the Crater on 30 July 1864, he was seriously wounded about his chest and arms, in addition to receiving a bullet in the face.

Bates survived these injuries and was among 23 troops to receive the Medal of honor for bravery during the battle.

[3][5][6] By the end of the war Bates had been promoted to Brevet Brigadier General.

After the war Bates resided in Salisbury, North Carolina but soon returned to West Richmondville, New York where he married Lana Ann Green on 2 January 1870, with whom he had five children.

[6] For gallantry in action where he fell, shot through the face, at the head of his regiment.