Non-immune hemolysis may result from thermal, osmotic, or mechanical damage to red blood cells in transfusion products.
Even though DHTR may have a lower chance of severe outcomes than AHTR, it can still be fatal or result in serious complications, and must be treated as an urgent medical issue.
Antibodies against Kidd antigens may be difficult to detect because of significant variability in their molecular features, and weak in vitro expression.
[6] It is also "associated with a fall in Hb or failure to increment, rise in bilirubin and LDH and an incompatible crossmatch not detectable pre transfusion.
The indirect test may also be used to determine a patient's reactivity to foreign red blood cell antigens prior to transfusion.
Hyperhemolysis differs from DHTR in that it involves the lysis of the recipient's own red blood cells in addition to those introduced from the donor.
The subacute presentation, milder symptoms and paucity of reporting data make determination of the true incidence difficult.