The latest census started on 5th of April 2024 and according to the preliminary results, the Republic of Kosovo has 1,586,659 inhabitants, of which 795,046 are men (50.1%) and 791,614 are women (49.9%).

[9][3]: 12 The 2011 census also shows that Albanians form the majority in Kosovo, with 92.9% of the total population; significant minorities include Bosniaks (1.6%), Serbs (1.5%), Turkish (1.1%), Askhali (0.9%), Egyptian (0.7%), Gorani (0.6%), and Roma (0.5%).

[17] Source: Kosovo Agency of Statistics[18][19][20] Population estimates in the table below may be unreliable during the 1990s period.

Since 2011, in accordance with European statistical norms, live births and deaths record figures in Kosovo only (excluding foreign countries).

Similarly, the figures for Serbs in the 2011 census omit those in North Mitrovica, Leposavić, Zubin Potok and Zvečan (North Kosovo), while the number of Serbs and Romani in the rest of Kosovo is also deemed unreliable, due to the partial boycott.

After the United Nations took over administration of Kosovo following the war, the vast majority of the Albanian refugees returned.

Many non-Albanians – chiefly Serbs and Romani – fled or were expelled, mostly to the rest of Serbia at the end of the war, with further refugee outflows occurring as the result of sporadic ethnic violence.

Due to North Kosovo's boycott of the census, Bosnian came in as the second-largest language after Albanian.

[10] The results of the 2011 census gave the following religious affiliations for the population included in it:[49] Most Albanians in Kosovo are Muslim.

The Catholic Albanian communities are mostly concentrated in Gjakova, Prizren, Klina and a few villages near Peć and Vitina (see laramans).

[2] Also, a smaller number of Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2004 as a result of violence.