Demons in Mandaeism

In Mandaeism, various beings inhabit the World of Darkness.

According to the Right Ginza, the World of Darkness consists of many demons, dewis, and evil spirits, including:[1] Other types of demons mentioned in Book 18 of the Right Ginza are:[2] The Right Ginza describes them as: Other than Ur, Ruha and her entourage of the 7 planets and 12 constellations, some infernal beings mentioned in the Ginza Rabba are:[3][4] Other demons mentioned in the Ginza Rabba are:[4] Demons mentioned in the Diwan Abatur who often accompany Ur and Shdum include:[5] In Book 5, Chapter 1 of the Right Ginza (also known as the "Book of the Underworld"), Hibil Ziwa descends the worlds of the "kings" and "giants of darkness" in the following order:[4] In Book 15, Chapter 11 of the Right Ginza, the pillars of Jerusalem are named as: Some of these names are also associated with beings in the World of Darkness, such as Karkum and Adunai (another name for Šamiš or the Sun).

[4] Mandaeans also consider the "Five Lords of the World of Darkness" to be:[6] The paired demons are considered to rule together as single lords, since Mag and Gapan are female consorts who are always with their male consorts Hag and Gap, respectively.

[6] Krun, Hag, and Ur are depicted on the skandola, a ritual talismanic seal used by Mandaeans to protect against evil.

[6]

This Mandaic incantation bowl dated between the 5th and the 8th century is inscribed with a charm and would have been buried upside down in the house to imprison demons. In the collection of the Jewish Museum of Switzerland .