The range of the hourglass treefrog becomes more scarce in Honduras and a few more known locations in Nicaragua, but then has been commonly reported again in Central America spanning from Costa Rica to Panama even venturing into Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.

Dendropsophus is a group of small, primarily yellow tree frogs found throughout Central and South America.

[6][8] D. ebraccatus are smooth, small treefrogs exhibiting sexual dimorphism, with males being significantly smaller than females.

[11] As compared to most Anura, most gas exchange occurs through their nostrils but actually release most carbon dioxide through their permeable skin.

D. ebraccatus have been commonly seen throughout more southern countries including Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama.

[5] Hourglass tree frogs migrate to freshwater pools in vegetated areas to breed during the rainy seasons of Central and South America, between May and November.

[13] Females reproduce multiple times within the breeding season, with gaps between reproductive spells as short as 10 days.

Egg clutches are laid either in single layers on the upper surface of leaves overhanging freshwater or in clusters connected to floating vegetation within the water itself.

Hourglass tree frogs are unique in their reproductive plasticity, allowing them to produce both aquatic and arboreal eggs.

During close interactions in which a male frog attacks another, they tussle with each other while still exchanging long duration calls.

[13] D. ebraccatus males produce calls in order to attract and court females leading to mating.

This strategy is an explanation for why D. ebraccatus have high levels of aggressive calls that would be costly for any other species of chorus frog mentioned in the male/male interactions subsection.

[11] Despite this, the late call males cannot lengthen their time delay to decrease overlap and ensure that they finish last.

[3] Lepidoptera, Diptera larva, and Araneae are the most important aspects of the adult D. ebraccatus diet when this prey is abundant in the surrounding area.

Both egg groups can alter their rate of development in the presence of unfavorable conditions such as weather or predation.

The enzymes secreted by the hatching gland control the rate at which the eggs gel membrane is degradation.

When deciding whether to lay their eggs underwater during drier seasons, the D. ebraccatus females must take into account the deepness of the water.

[14] Tadpoles are brown and gold with black eye bands and develop bright red tail colors in the presence of predators.

This idea of a social environment affecting aggressive call output started in this frog species with research examining the relationship between aggressive call intensity in response to an intruder versus their surrounding male competitors.

In contrast with most frog chorus species, a large fraction of D. ebraccatus males still make aggressive calls throughout the night with only a slight decrease.

Anuran species that display chorus behaviors use aggressive calls as a mechanism to defend territory from other males, so it was not known for a while why high calling rates that expose male hourglass tree frogs to dangerous situations is maintained.

The only exception to this 210 millisecond time frame is when male frogs are making the decision to switch to aggressive calls.

[11] Another anomaly seen with D. ebraccatus males compared to other species is that their aggressive calls more often than not have intended recipients spanning far distances.

The Dragonfly nymph are smaller fish, can swim through tighter areas to catch their prey, and usually hunt alone.

Tadpoles develop an opposite phenotype when they encounter a specific type of predator, the Astyanax ruberrimus.

This is because the Astyanax ruberrimus is a fast fish that can eat prey larger than itself by repeatedly attacking it and then swallowing it whole.

[22] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species listed the Hourglass Tree Frog as a species of least concern (LC) in 2010 due to wide distribution, stable, large population, and high tolerance to adapt to habitat modifications.

Although it is very adaptable it still faces many threats such as deforestation, agriculture and aquaculture (livestock farming and ranching, annual and perennial non-timber crops), logging, residential and commercial development, the pet industry, and pollution.

[1] The skin of the family Hylidae is vastly studied due to its rich sources of bioactive peptides, which has spiked the interest for drug development.

Pathogenic bacteria and fungi antibiotic resistance constitutes a serious threat to public health worldwide, scientists are looking to frogs skin secretions for further drug advancements.