Sri Maharaja, Dev Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (17 July 1862 – 20 February 1914) was the Prime Minister of Nepal for 114 days in 1901.

Dhoj adopted the son of Ranodip Singh (biological father was Badri Narsingh Rana), who had to flee to India with his family along with many of Jung's descendants.

Dev appointed his brother Sher Shamsher as the Chief of Staff to then-King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah and built a palace for him.

Dev was satisfied with the "Universal Education" (Aksharanka Shiksha) plan prepared by Jaya Prithvi Bahadur Singh, King of Bajhang.

Within a short period of time the paper progressed well and started publishing bi-weekly, before becoming a daily issue due to its popularity.

During his short tenure, Dev Shamsher was known as "The Reformist" for his progressive policies: he proclaimed universal education, began to build schools, took steps to abolish slavery, and introduced several other social welfare schemes.

As a democratic person, he took the advice of his nephew General Gehendra Shumsher, established a parliament, and built a big hall in his Thapathali Durbar like his uncle, Jung Bahadur.

He proposed a system of universal public primary education, using Nepali as the language of instruction, and opened Durbar High School to children who were not members of the Rana clan.

He organized a ladies court like his late uncle Jung Bahadur, and was the first person to introduce Gorkhapatra (which is still the national daily newspaper) to Nepal.

Sources claim that his lifestyle was lavish; in his short 4-month regime, he introduced gambling for two months, along with bhajan from 3-5 p.m. and silent movies from 8-10 p.m.[citation needed] Unlike his predecessors, Dev, as a reformist, drew parallels with the Tokugawa shogunate and he likewise emulated the reforms of the Meiji Restoration of Japan.

Dev was deposed by his brothers and exiled to Dhankuta as governor of East Nepal, before fleeing to Darjeeling, India, under the refuge of the British Raj.

Dev had agreed to the wishes of his dying father Dhir Shamsher to consider Juddha in the line of succession.

The issue of Juddha mother Johar Kumari's caste remains a mystery and it is widely believed that she came from a no-caste Sanyasi (Giri-Puri-Bharati) background.

They have been referred to as his "foster parents", so when Juddha Shamsher eventually became Prime Minister of Nepal, he rescinded Dev's descendants' status as exiles.

They were given back their palaces in Thapathali and large plots of land in the Banke and Bardiya districts of Nepal, where some of his descendants reside.

Many of Dev's descendants can now be found either in Thapathali in Kathmandu, the traditional home of the Ranas, or in Nepalgunj in western Nepal and in Dehradun in India.