Devil Boruta

Zygmunt Gloger and some other ethnologists believed that dressing Boruta as a nobleman is fakelore produced in the 19th century and reintroduced into folklore.

[4] Zygmunt Gloger's Encyklopedia staropolska ( 1900–1903) Boruta is described as follows:[4] Stories about Boruta, who was busy scaring people at night on dams and in forests and playing mischief by leading them astray, and who sometimes appeared in the form of a black dog, circulated throughout the country, both among the common people and the nobility, with the difference that the commoners believed in these, while the nobility laughed at these.

It was only some Polish writers in the first half of the 19th century who put into the people's mouths what they [people] had never heard from their fathers and had never told anyone, i.e. they dressed Boruta in a kontusz to enhance the effect of their printed legends, and thus popularized the stories that the folk maybe learned from books.

As for us, however, we have not yet managed to find the legend of Boruta wearing a robe anywhere from the mouths of the folk, and the same is confirmed by Karłowicz [pl].

Ossoliński, writing about fears in the 18th century, says: "When the carter is stuck in the mud, he appeals to forest boruta."