Diego Manuel de Argumosa y Obregón[1][2] (July 7, 1792 – April 23, 1865) was a Spanish doctor and the chair of surgery of the School of Medicine at the University of Madrid.

[4] Argumosa gained much of his experience and knowledge serving as a doctor during the Peninsular War at the San Rafael Hospital in Santander, Spain.

In addition to his medical innovations, he was known for providing care in a famous case where the Spanish nun Sor Patrocinio claimed to suffer from stigmata.

[6] During the Peninsular War, he joined the Third Battalion of Marksmen of Cantabria,[6] where he worked as a doctor attending to the wounded at the Military Section of the San Rafael Hospital in Santander.

[citation needed] In around 1848, Argumosa publicly confronted Joaquín Hysern for writing a book based on his classes that he felt was incomplete and full of errors.

[10] Some of his innovations were in the field of general medicine: he was an early practitioner of asepsis, taking exceptional care to clean his hands, instruments, and the operating room.

[7] Among his developments in urology were his technique to puncture the bladder (cytotomy), various methods of removing urinary calculi, external and internal urethrotomies, the subcutaneous ligation of varicocele veins using the fisherman's knot, and genital operations.

He founded a school that was continued by two of his primary students: Juan Creus, a forefather of taurotraumatology (bullfighting injuries), and Melchor Sánchez de Toca.

The work described the general knowledge of surgery at that time and all of his innovations, and was accompanied by illustrations and descriptions of the surgical instruments that he had created for his procedures.

Despite the fact that both religious and civil authorities agreed with the decision that the stigmata were fraudulent, some did not accept Argumosa's diagnosis.

[10][13] However, during the case, a friar confessed that, while traveling with him to Rome to found new convents, the nun had given him a sachet containing a substance that would cause a small ulcer when applied to the body.