[1] The process of making a diet version of a food usually requires finding an adequate low-food-energy substitute for some high-food-energy ingredient.
In whole grain foods, the high fiber content effectively displaces some of the starch component of the flour.
Another process relies on the intentional addition of other reduced-food-energy ingredients, such as resistant starch or dietary fiber, to replace part of the flour and achieve a more significant energy reduction.
Examples of protein sources are beans, lentils, tofu, egg white, tuna, and peas.
Numerous research studies confirm that artificial sweeteners are generally safe in limited quantities, even for pregnant women.