The treatment of DES consists primarily of medications, such as acid suppressing agents (like proton-pump inhibitors), calcium channel blockers, hyoscine butylbromide, or nitrates.

DES manifests as intermittent difficulty swallowing solid foods and liquids (dysphagia), and atypical chest pain.

[1] It is thought, however, that many cases are caused by uncontrolled brain signals running to nerve endings.

[2] Several drugs are used to treat DES, including nitroglycerin, hyoscine butylbromide, calcium channel blockers, hydralazine, and anti-anxiety medications.

Botulinum toxin, which inhibits acetylcholine release from nerve endings, injected above the lower esophageal sphincter may also be used in the treatment of DES.