[1] Once the pupil is dilated, examiners use ophthalmoscopy to view the eye's interior, which makes it easier to assess the retina, optic nerve head, blood vessels, and other important features.

Evaluation of the retina includes examining the arteries and veins for narrowing or arteriovenous nicking, as well as detecting any lesions, exudates, retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms, or neovascularization.

Those with type 2 diabetes should have their first comprehensive eye examination at the time of diagnosis, followed by yearly exams.

Screenings may be recommended even more frequently for individuals of African or Hispanic/Latino descent, as these ethnic groups have a further increased risk of developing glaucoma.

Similarly, children with a family history of amblyopia, strabismus, retinoblastoma, congenital cataracts or glaucoma may also require more frequent or comprehensive examinations.